A blow to regional peace

The fragile peace in South Asia faced a severe setback when Pakistan carried out airstrikes in Afghanistan

On the night of 24 December 2024, a series of airstrikes by Pakistan in Afghanistan’s Barmal district of Paktika province killed at least 15 civilians, including women and children. The strikes targeted seven villages, causing significant destruction, particularly in areas such as Murg Bazaar and Laman, where an entire family of five was killed. This incident further strained relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, raising serious concerns about the stability of South Asia. The airstrikes appear to be a direct response to Pakistan’s growing concerns about the activities of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Pakistan has justified the strikes as a necessary measure to root out TTP hideouts and secure its borders. However, the Afghan Taliban strongly deny these allegations, instead claiming that the airstrikes targeted civilians, including Waziristan refugees who had previously fled military operations in Pakistan’s tribal areas. The implications of this attack extend far beyond the immediate violence, casting a shadow over peace and security in South Asia. The airstrikes, along with the Taliban’s promise to retaliate, risk escalating into a wider conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Such hostilities could destabilize the region, which is already grappling with insurgencies, cross-border terrorism and long-standing disputes.

In addition to the geopolitical ramifications, the humanitarian impact is profound. Afghanistan, a nation still recovering from decades of war, now faces further devastation. Civilian populations, especially refugees, bear the brunt of this violence, with villages like Murg Bazar reduced to rubble and countless families displaced. The destruction is exacerbating an already severe humanitarian crisis, underscoring the urgent need for international aid and support. This conflict also undermines ongoing peace efforts in the region. Dialogues involving Afghanistan, Pakistan and other stakeholders, critical to promoting stability, risk being derailed by such incidents. In addition, it hinders cooperative initiatives against terrorism, a common threat that requires coordinated regional action. The situation further complicates geopolitics in South Asia, prompting countries such as India, China and Iran to reassess their strategies. Pakistan’s actions, while driven by immediate security concerns, may strain its relations with traditional allies and global powers advocating for peace in the region. To address this growing crisis, both countries must prioritize dialogue and cooperation. Constructive bilateral engagement is essential to address mutual concerns, particularly on TTP and border security. Neutral mediators, such as the United Nations, could play a vital role in facilitating these discussions. Beyond bilateral efforts, regional cooperation is essential. A unified initiative led by organizations such as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) could encourage collective action against terrorism and promote economic interdependence, reducing incentives for conflict.